View Full Version : Hydroponic Gardening
AZ Prepper
01-11-2010, 12:59 PM
Hydroponic Gardening - How it's made
An interesting video about a large scale hydroponic garden.
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External link: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FHBhyqowSEc
MI Prepper
01-16-2010, 10:29 AM
This is a VERY good way to grow a excellent garden yer round. I have done much with this type of gardening and will try and post some pictures and my experiences with it.
ChefTessBakeresse
01-16-2010, 11:04 AM
My boss on the tomato farm has done a lot of this too in years past. I'll have to see if this is something we can get going again. Thanks!
MI Prepper
01-16-2010, 11:34 AM
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http://www.dbcourt.co.uk/hydroponics/System%20_types.html#Aeroponics#Aeroponics (http://www.dbcourt.co.uk/hydroponics/System%20_types.html#Aeroponics#Aeroponics)
Taken from the above website...
The primary types of Hydroponics systems are NFT, Wick, Water Culture, Drip, Ebb & Flow (Flood & Drain), and Aeroponics. There are many variations on the themes but they all pretty much fall into one or other (sometimes several) of those types.
I've listed below a basic description of the various types
NFT (http://www.dbcourt.co.uk/hydroponics/System%20_types.html#Aeroponics) - Nutrient Film technique (http://www.dbcourt.co.uk/hydroponics/System%20_types.html#Aeroponics)
In the NFT method of hydroponics the plants are suspended above a constantly flowing stream of nutrient solution, which in practice is some 1 - 3mm deep. The plant is suspended above the solution usually in a rock wool cube within a mesh container, with the roots dangling down into the solution.
This is a successful technique often used by commercial growers. There are definite advantages for both the commercial grower and amateur. There are no drippers to block, but on occasion the roots will grow so well that they can block the channel, resulting in if not checked a total loss of nutrient and ultimately dead plants.
Filtration of the waste water is important in this and all hydroponic systems, it must be filtered of root debris etc before it is returned to the holding tank, otherwise you can expect blockages.
The system uses a pump so it is reliant on a constant source of electricity.
Wick System
The Wick system is arguably the simplest of the hydroponic system types. There are no moving parts (drippers pumps etc) so it is referred to as a “passive system”.
The nutrient solution is drawn up into the growing medium from a reservoir below the pot, via a form of wick.
There are a huge number of applications of this type, you can very probably buy plant pots based on this system in your local hardware shop. The disadvantage in many of it’s forms is that the nutrient is not moving therefore it can become deoxygenated or stagnant. An air stone is a good solution, but there is often not enough room for that in the reservoir of the smaller pots.
Large plants can suffer in this type of system as they might draw more nutrient than the wick can supply. Thus drying out the plant. It does work very well in practice though.
Water Culture
Again a very simple hydroponics system. The plant is suspended in the nutrient solution, usually using a floating polystyrene/Styrofoam platform.
Sometimes the water is left to stand but it is better circulated and aerated by an air stone. This system is scalable and has been used on a very large scale to produce leaf crops such as lettuce or other small fast growing crops in a commercial environment.
The advantages are that in the floating form the plant roots are always in the nutrient regardless of the level. You are therefore not at the mercy of the electricity supply, where in a system such as NFT the plants can die.
This system is not however suitable for large plants or plants that take a long time to grow.
Ebb And Flow - Flood And Drain
The ebb and flow system is a non passive system, it requires a pump of some type.
The plant is suspended in a vessel were the roots are regularly subjected to a flood of water which covers the roots. The water is then allowed to gradually drain away thus oxygenating the roots.
This system is reliant on electricity so that a constant supply of water can be delivered. In a cold climate that is not such a problem, but in a warm or hot situation a relatively short period without water will dry the roots and kill the plant. A water absorbing medium to support the plant can help, but will add to the cost of operation. That said I have used this type of system in a very hot climate with huge success.
Large plants such as rhubarb, tomatoes and even potatoes grow well in this type. Lettuce do not do as well as in some other types of hydroponics system.
Drip Systems
This is one of my favorite types of hydroponic system and is probably the most widely used type.
The plant is grown in a pot or vessel containing a free draining medium such as grow rock's or perlite etc and the nutrient is dripped in to the pot. The nutrient can then be caught at the bottom of the pot and returned to a tank were it is then eventually recirculated back to the plant. Alternatively the nutrient is not caught and allowed to run to waste.
The delivery of nutrient to the plant is often controlled by a timer, a constant delivery of nutrient is not really necessary. You can make a very simple manual version of this system using three buckets and a dripper set to drip infrequently. At the other end of the scale i've seen Banana trees grown hydroponicaly using the drip method.
The down sides of this type of system is that the drippers are prone to blockage and need at least daily checking. Also the plants will absorb widely varying quantities of nutrient and can change the pH of the nutrient. Regular checking of this is important.
A none recirculating system avoids this problem but on a large scale this type can be environmentally challenging and must be disposed of somehow and nutrient costs are vastly increased.
Aeroponics
Aeroponics is in some ways the ideal concept of a hydroponics system, but like most seemingly perfect things it proves in actual fact to be flawed.
The principal is simple, a plant is suspended above a vessel with the roots hanging down in to the chamber below, where they are misted with nutrient. Thus providing food for the plant and plenty of oxygen.
In practice this type of system is extremely reliant on a reliable power supply, because it is at the mercy of a constant misting of nutrient.
But the biggest problem is that if you mist a solution of salts, it will inevitably condense on the jet and ultimately block it. Regular (even hourly) inspection of the jet is essential as the plant roots will dry out quickly. My brief experiments with this type of system were a miserable failure after just a few days.
However I would be delighted to see an inexpensive working Aeroponics system, there are several around that are way out of my budget.
[I]So there you have it, the six types of Hydroponics system. In my experience there is no perfect system, but for me the drip method comes close to it, it is I think the best system type for a beginner.
[I]That said a drip system is a compromise, it is not ideally suited to all of the plant types, in commercial production they suit the system to the plant and achieve even more amazing results.
<o></o>
MI Prepper
01-16-2010, 11:50 AM
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Different Growing Mediums
Expanded Perlite
<!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="75" o:preferrelative="t" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f"> <v:stroke joinstyle="miter"/> <v:formulas> <v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"/> <v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"/> <v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"/> <v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"/> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"/> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"/> <v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"/> <v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"/> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"/> <v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"/> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"/> <v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"/> </v:formulas> <v:path o:extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect"/> <o:lock v:ext="edit" aspectratio="t"/> </v:shapetype><v:shape id="_x0000_s1026" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="Perlite - hydroponics" style='position:absolute;left:0;text-align:left;margin-left:0;margin-top:0; width:132pt;height:123.75pt;z-index:251656192;mso-wrap-distance-left:7.5pt; mso-wrap-distance-top:3.75pt;mso-wrap-distance-right:7.5pt; mso-wrap-distance-bottom:3.75pt;mso-position-horizontal:left; mso-position-vertical-relative:line' o:allowoverlap="f"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Andrew\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\c lip_image001.jpg" o:title="perlite"/> <w:wrap type="square"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]-->Perlite in it's raw form is a naturally occurring form of volcanic glass that is porous and has some inherent water content. <o></o>
It is unusual in that when it is heated to a high temperature it greatly expands. This occurs when it is heated to around 850-900 deg C. When heated the water inside vaporises and due to the escaping vapor the perlite expands to up to 16 times it's original size, creating a very porous granule with good water retention properties.<o></o>
Expanded perlite is relatively cheap and it has been used for many purposes such as filter media, aggregate for cement based building materials and building blocks etc <o></o>
In conventional horticulture it is often used as an additive in compost to aerate the soil and stop it from binding or clumping. <o></o>
In Hydroponics it is used in it's pure form. The advantages are that it is cheap, sterile, free draining, provides plant support and has some water holding properties. <o></o>
Rock Wool or Mineral Wool
Rock wool is manufactured by heating stone to a melting temperature of approximately 1600 deg C. It is then spun at high speed to create filaments of rock or stone, a process not dissimilar to the process used to make candy floss. This results in a thick mass of fibers of minerals, some forms will contain additives or resins to make it bind and repel water.<o></o>
<!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_s1027" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="Rock wool - hydroponics" style='position:absolute; left:0;text-align:left;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:124.5pt;height:82.5pt; z-index:251657216;mso-wrap-distance-left:7.5pt;mso-wrap-distance-top:3.75pt; mso-wrap-distance-right:7.5pt;mso-wrap-distance-bottom:3.75pt; mso-position-horizontal:left;mso-position-vertical-relative:line' o:allowoverlap="f"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Andrew\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\c lip_image003.jpg" o:title="rockwool"/> <w:wrap type="square"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]-->In industry/construction it is valued for it heat insulation properties and resistance to fire. <o></o>
In hydroponics Mineral wool or Rock wool is used for its considerable water and air holding properties. It is ideal for the raising of seeds and provides a good supporting structure for larger plants and seedlings.<o></o>
Seeds are often raised in small cubes of rock wool. Then the cube and seedling are moved into another type of hydroponic system such as NFT or to larger beds of rock wool.<o></o>
The advantages of Rock wool in hydroponics is that it's cheap, holds water well, supports the plant and is light in weight. <o></o>
In it's raw form mineral wool has a high pH, this makes it unsuitable for plant growth. The pH must be lowered. conditioned mineral wool is used in hydroponics, this has a very stable pH. For that reason and because it often contains the aforementioned resins, using rock wool intended for use as insulation etc is not really a good idea. <o></o>
Vermiculite
<!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_s1028" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="Vermiculite- hydroponics" style='position:absolute; left:0;text-align:left;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:162pt;height:132pt; z-index:251658240;mso-wrap-distance-left:7.5pt;mso-wrap-distance-right:7.5pt; mso-position-horizontal:left;mso-position-vertical-relative:line' o:allowoverlap="f"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Andrew\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\c lip_image004.jpg" o:title="vVermiculite"/> <w:wrap type="square"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]-->]<!--[endif]-->Vermiculite is a naturally occurring mineral that expands when heat is applied to it. The expansion process is called exfoliation (peeling off in flakes or scales) and is performed in specially designed furnaces. <o></o>
In it's natural form Vermiculite is formed by the hydration of certain volcanic minerals. deposits exist in the <st1:country-region w:st="on">USA</st1:country-region>, <st1:country-region w:st="on">South Africa</st1:country-region>, <st1:country-region w:st="on">China</st1:country-region>, <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1>:place w:st="on">Brazil</st1>:place></st1:country-region>, and many other countries in less commercial quantities.<o></o>
The commercial uses include refractory insulation, fireproofing of steel and pipes etc, soil conditioner, lightweight cement aggregate and loose fill roof insulation etc.<o></o>
In general horticulture it is used in potting mix to aid in water retention. In Hydroponics it is used as an aditive to Perlite to improve it's water retention properties. <o></o>
<o></o>
Expanded clay
<!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_s1029" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="Expanded Clay - Hydroponics" style='position:absolute;left:0;text-align:left;margin-left:0;margin-top:0; width:118.5pt;height:102pt;z-index:251659264;mso-wrap-distance-left:7.5pt; mso-wrap-distance-top:3.75pt;mso-wrap-distance-right:7.5pt; mso-wrap-distance-bottom:3.75pt;mso-position-horizontal:left; mso-position-vertical-relative:line' o:allowoverlap="f"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Andrew\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\c lip_image006.jpg" o:title="expandedclay"/> <w:wrap type="square"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]-->Also known as grow rocks etc are small round inert spheres of baked clay. It is manufactured by forming clay in to small round pellets and fired in rotating kilns at around 1200°C. This causes the clay to expand, in a similar way to popcorn, and in the process become porous. <o></o>
Expanded clay is light in weight, and in normal use does not compact over time. The shape of the individual pellets depends on the quality and brand of the material.<o></o>
Grow rocks or expanded clay are widely used in hydroponics as they are pH neutral, can be sterilised, reused, provide support of the plant and are relatively light in weight.<o></o>
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Sand
While sand is cheap and easily available, it is heavy, it doesn't drain very well, and is hard to clean sufficiently. It can also contain impurites that affect the pH of your nutrient. It has been used in Hydroponics, but few continue to use it after discovering the many more satisfactory alternatives.<o></o>
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MI Prepper
01-16-2010, 11:54 AM
Though in a floating garden I have used just plant potting soil and that works also. The biggest thing when it comes to a growing medium is you must use the right material for the right plant. Some plants like to keep a moist stem and others end up getting stem rot if too wet. Example. Lettuce loves being wet. Tomato plants don't like having the stem wet.
MI Prepper
01-16-2010, 12:54 PM
Winter crop Jan 2009. Eb and flow / drip design. Produced same 10 times as many tomatoes as dirt crop, though plants were shorter than in dirt.
62 heads of lettuce in a 2 foot by 14 foot space, floating garden. Lettuce was 100 times more than we could eat. we just picked lettuce and used as needed. This crop lasted from Sept 2008 until April 2009. We gave away about 45 heads of lettuce.
Starting the winter season from above. Tomatoes on the left in drip system. Rock wool medium. Lettuce on the right in floating garden. Baskets floating in Styrofoam with potting soil.
Summer 2009 garden. Tomato plants grew over 12 feet tall with a yield about 10 times as much than dirt garden. Same set up with drip for tomatoes and pepper plants. Lettuce and cucumber and other vine plants plants in floating. Garden did not do as good with sun cover on it. Tried tomato plants in floating also, not good. stem does not like to be so wet, got stem rot and did not produce well.
MI Prepper
01-16-2010, 01:32 PM
These are some of the best Hydroponic websites that I like to use for info on hydroponics.
http://www.dbcourt.co.uk/hydroponics/
http://www.dbcourt.co.uk/hydroponics/system_design.html
http://www.hydroponics.net/learn/hydroponic_gardening_for_beginners.asp#Buying%20a% 20System%20or%20Building%20a%20System
http://www.hydroponicvegetablegardening.com/
And here are a ton of videos on youtube.
http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=hydroponic+garden&search_type=&aq=7&oq=hydroponic
University of florida has the best research and use of Hydro systems.
http://smallfarms.ifas.ufl.edu/crops/hydroponics/hydroponic_production.html
http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs184
MI Prepper
01-16-2010, 01:44 PM
Really good do it yourself video for a window sill or table top hydro unit.
MI Prepper
01-16-2010, 02:58 PM
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http://www.suretogrow.com/
one of the hardest thing to deal with is growing mediums. These people have come up with a plant friendly, Ph neutral product that works very good for hydroponics.
http://www.suretogrow.com/video/
http://www.suretogrow.com/hydroponic-grow-cubes
MI Prepper
01-17-2010, 06:50 PM
Ok since I posted the above for the growing medium I have found a more superior growing medium. it comes from the company Sure to Grow. Their website is http://www.suretogrow.com/ . It looks like stuffing for a quilt. From videos I have seen it will fix any stem rot issues I have been having. I have not tried it yet, but hopefully I will soon.
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